{"id":7734,"date":"2012-11-10T14:39:12","date_gmt":"2012-11-10T21:39:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/?p=7734"},"modified":"2012-11-10T15:02:12","modified_gmt":"2012-11-10T22:02:12","slug":"the-man-who-saved-the-world","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/the-man-who-saved-the-world\/","title":{"rendered":"The Man Who Saved the World"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>The Jewish faith holds that he who saves one man saves the entire world. But\u00a0Vasilli Arkhipov was one man who, by saving the entire world, saved each and every one of us.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7735\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7735\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7735\" title=\"Thank You!\" src=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"640\" srcset=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov.jpg 640w, http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov-150x150.jpg 150w, http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov-300x300.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7735\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vasilli Alexandrovich Arkhipov 1926-1998<\/p><\/div>\n<p>50 years ago today, at the height of the Cuban Missile Crisis, second-in-command Vasilli Arkhipov of the Soviet submarine B-59 refused to agree with his Captain&#8217;s order to launch nuclear torpedos against US warships and setting off what might well have been a terminal superpower nuclear war.<\/p>\n<p>The US had been dropping depth charges near the submarine in an attempt to force it to surface, unaware\u00a0\u00a0it was carrying nuclear arms. The Soviet officers, who had lost radio contact with Moscow, concluded that World War 3 had begun, and 2 of the officers agreed to &#8216;blast the warships out of the water&#8217;. Arkhipov refused to agree &#8211; unanimous consent of 3 officers was required &#8211; and thanks to him, we are here to talk about it.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"http:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Q4AIH2CVsxA\" frameborder=\"0\" width=\"640\" height=\"360\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p>Thomas Blanton (then director of the\u00a0<a title=\"National Security Archive\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/National_Security_Archive\">National Security Archive<\/a>) said in 2002 that &#8220;a guy called Vasili Arkhipov saved the world.&#8221;<\/p>\n<h2><strong><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><em>K19<\/em>\u00a0accident<\/span><\/strong><\/h2>\n<p>In July 1961. Arkhipov was appointed deputy commander or executive officer of the new\u00a0<a title=\"Hotel class submarine\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Hotel_class_submarine\">Hotel-class<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Soviet submarine K-19\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_submarine_K-19\">ballistic missile submarine\u00a0<em>K-19<\/em><\/a>.\u00a0During its\u00a0<a title=\"Soviet submarine K-19\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_submarine_K-19#Nuclear_accident\">nuclear accident<\/a>, he backed Captain\u00a0<a title=\"Nikolai Vladimirovich Zateyev\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nikolai_Vladimirovich_Zateyev\">Nikolai Vladimirovich Zateyev<\/a>\u00a0during the potential mutiny. While assisting with engineering work to deal with the overheating reactor, he was exposed to a harmful level of radiation.\u00a0This incident is depicted in the American film\u00a0<em><a title=\"K-19: The Widowmaker\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/K-19:_The_Widowmaker\">K-19: The Widowmaker<\/a><\/em>.<\/p>\n<p><object width=\"640\" height=\"360\" classid=\"clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000\" codebase=\"http:\/\/download.macromedia.com\/pub\/shockwave\/cabs\/flash\/swflash.cab#version=6,0,40,0\" bgcolor=\"#000000\"><param name=\"flashvars\" value=\"video=http:\/\/video.pbs.org\/videoPlayerInfo\/2295274962&amp;player=viral&amp;end=0\" \/><param name=\"allowFullScreen\" value=\"true\" \/><param name=\"allowscriptaccess\" value=\"always\" \/><param name=\"wmode\" value=\"transparent\" \/><param name=\"src\" value=\"http:\/\/dgjigvacl6ipj.cloudfront.net\/media\/swf\/PBSPlayer.swf\" \/><param name=\"allowfullscreen\" value=\"true\" \/><embed width=\"640\" height=\"360\" type=\"application\/x-shockwave-flash\" src=\"http:\/\/dgjigvacl6ipj.cloudfront.net\/media\/swf\/PBSPlayer.swf\" flashvars=\"video=http:\/\/video.pbs.org\/videoPlayerInfo\/2295274962&amp;player=viral&amp;end=0\" allowFullScreen=\"true\" allowscriptaccess=\"always\" wmode=\"transparent\" allowfullscreen=\"true\" bgcolor=\"#000000\" \/><\/object><\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Involvement in Cuban Missile Crisis<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>On October 27, 1962, during the\u00a0<a title=\"Cuban Missile Crisis\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuban_Missile_Crisis\">Cuban Missile Crisis<\/a>, a group of eleven\u00a0<a title=\"United States Navy\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/United_States_Navy\">United States Navy<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Destroyers\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Destroyers\">destroyers<\/a>\u00a0and the\u00a0<a title=\"Aircraft carrier\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aircraft_carrier\">aircraft carrier<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"USS Randolph (CV-15)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/USS_Randolph_(CV-15)\">USS\u00a0<em>Randolph<\/em><\/a>\u00a0located the diesel-powered nuclear-armed\u00a0<a title=\"Soviet\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet\">Soviet<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Foxtrot class submarine\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Foxtrot_class_submarine\">Foxtrot-class\u00a0submarine<\/a>\u00a0<em><a title=\"Soviet submarine B-59\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Soviet_submarine_B-59\">B-59<\/a>\u00a0<\/em>near\u00a0<a title=\"Cuba\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Cuba\">Cuba<\/a>. Despite being in international waters the Americans started dropping practice\u00a0<a title=\"Depth charge\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Depth_charge\">depth charges<\/a>, explosives intended to force the submarine to come to the surface for identification. There had been no contact from Moscow for a number of days and, although the submarine&#8217;s crew had earlier been picking up U.S. civilian radio broadcasts, once B-59 began attempting to hide from its U.S. Navy pursuers, it was too deep to monitor any radio traffic, so those on board did not know whether war had broken out.\u00a0The captain of the submarine,\u00a0<a title=\"Valentin Grigorievitch Savitsky (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Valentin_Grigorievitch_Savitsky&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Valentin Grigorievitch Savitsky<\/a>, believing that a war might already have started, wanted to launch a nuclear-tipped torpedo.<\/p>\n<p>Three officers on board the submarine \u2013 Savitsky, the\u00a0<a title=\"Political officer (military)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Political_officer_(military)\">political officer<\/a>\u00a0<a title=\"Ivan Semonovich Maslennikov (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Ivan_Semonovich_Maslennikov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Ivan Semonovich Maslennikov<\/a>, and the second-in-command Arkhipov \u2013 were authorized to launch the torpedo if agreeing unanimously in favor of doing so. An argument broke out among the three, in which only Arkhipov was against the launch.\u00a0Although Arkhipov was only second-in-command of submarine B-59, he was actually Commander of the flotilla of submarines including B-4, B-36, and B-130, and of equal rank to Captain Savitsky. According to author Edward Wilson, the reputation Arkhipov gained from his courageous conduct in the previous year&#8217;s\u00a0<em>K19<\/em>\u00a0incident also helped him prevail in the debate.\u00a0\u00a0Arkhipov eventually persuaded Savitsky to surface the submarine and await orders from\u00a0<a title=\"Moscow\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Moscow\">Moscow<\/a>. This presumably averted the\u00a0<a title=\"Nuclear warfare\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_warfare\">nuclear warfare<\/a>\u00a0which could possibly have ensued had the torpedo been fired.\u00a0The submarine&#8217;s batteries had run very low and the air-conditioning had failed, so it was forced to surface amidst its U.S. pursuers and head home.\u00a0Washington&#8217;s message that practice depth charges were being used to signal the submarines to surface never reached B-59, and Moscow claims it has no record of receiving it either.<\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Aftermath<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>When discussing the Cuban missile crisis in 2002,\u00a0<a title=\"Robert McNamara\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Robert_McNamara\">Robert McNamara<\/a>\u00a0stated that we came &#8220;very close&#8221; to\u00a0<a title=\"Nuclear warfare\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nuclear_warfare\">nuclear war<\/a>, &#8220;closer than we knew at the time.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p>In\u00a0<a title=\"Aleksandr Mozgovoy (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Aleksandr_Mozgovoy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Aleksandr Mozgovoy<\/a>&#8216;s 2002 book,\u00a0<em>Kubinskaya Samba Kvarteta Fokstrotov<\/em>\u00a0(Cuban Samba of the Foxtrot Quartet), retired Commander\u00a0<a title=\"Vadim Pavlovich Orlov (page does not exist)\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Vadim_Pavlovich_Orlov&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1\">Vadim Pavlovich Orlov<\/a>, a participant in the events, presents them less dramatically, saying that Captain Savitsky had merely lost his temper, but eventually calmed down.<\/p>\n<h2><span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Later life<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Arkhipov continued in Soviet Navy service, commanding submarines and later submarine squadrons. He was promoted to\u00a0<a title=\"Rear admiral\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Rear_admiral\">rear admiral<\/a>\u00a0in 1975 and became head of the Kirov Naval Academy. He was promoted to\u00a0<a title=\"Vice admiral\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vice_admiral\">vice admiral<\/a>\u00a0in 1981 and retired in the mid 1980s.\u00a0He subsequently settled in\u00a0<a title=\"Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Zheleznodorozhny,_Moscow_Oblast\">Zheleznodorozhny, Moscow Oblast<\/a>, where he died on 19 August 1998.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_7736\" style=\"width: 650px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><a href=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov2.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7736\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7736\" title=\"Unsung Hero\" src=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"880\" srcset=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov2.jpg 640w, http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2012\/11\/arkhipov2-218x300.jpg 218w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-7736\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Vice Admiral Vasili Alexandrovich Arkhipov, Jan. 30, 1926 &#8211; Aug. 19, 1998<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The Jewish faith holds that he who saves one man saves the entire world. But\u00a0Vasilli Arkhipov was one man who, by saving the entire world, saved each and every one of us. 50 years ago today, at the height of &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/the-man-who-saved-the-world\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-7734","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7734","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7734"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7734\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7739,"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7734\/revisions\/7739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7734"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7734"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/amicuscuria.com\/wordpress\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7734"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}